Fossilized or Petrified Whats the Difference

Whats the difference between fossilized and petrified? It can be a little confusing. A fossil is any evidence of life that has been preserved in rock. Fossils include not just organisms themselves, but also the burrows, marks, and footprints they left behind. Fossilization is the name for a number of processes that produce fossils. One of those processes is mineral replacement. This is common in sedimentary and some metamorphic rocks, where a mineral grain may be replaced by a  material with a different composition, but still preserving the original shape. What Makes It Petrified? When a fossil organism is subjected to mineral replacement, it is said to be petrified. For example, petrified wood may be replaced with chalcedony, or shells replaced with pyrite. This means that out of all fossils, only the creature itself could be fossilized by petrification. And not all fossil organisms are petrified. Some are preserved as carbonized films, or preserved unchanged like recent fossil shells, or fixed in amber like fossil insects. Scientists dont use the word petrified much. What we call petrified wood, theyd rather call fossil wood. But petrified has a nice sound to it. It sounds right for a fossil of something familiar that looks lifelike (like a tree trunk).

Modernism And Postmodernism - 1207 Words

Modernism is very troublesome to define with clarity because of the fact that the term revolves around various genres of movements be it artistic or philosophical. Nonetheless, there are some primary beliefs of the Modernist genres that appeal in someway or the other to the various movements and also the writers. Modernism in general can broadly be described as the â€Å"deviation from the ancient and classic manner†. (Johnson, J., The New Royal and Universal English Dictionary, Millard, 1763). It is the radical movement away from the past in search of new styles of expression. It refers to a reforming movement away from the traditional forms in various fields like architecture, art, music, and literature during the late 19th century and the†¦show more content†¦1997.) As post-modernism was a direct reaction to modernism, the two along with their respective theorists often criticize each other and often justify their views in various debates and discourses. â€Å"Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity† is a collection of essays, which show us the discourse between modernism and Post-modernism. Jà ¼rgen Habermas is a German social theorist who is also a strong defender of modernity. He vigorously counteracts various criticisms made by post-modernist theorists on modernism. Many intellectuals in the modern day have become skeptical about the emancipatory potential of modernity but Habermas still believes and continues to insist on the idealistic utopian potential of modernity as the â€Å"child of enlightenment†. As modernism take has influences from democracy and reason, Habermas sees it as an unfinished project. By this Habermas is trying to state that there is still so much to be done in the domain of modernism before contemplating a move to the post-modern world. Marx influenced Habermas as he had an association with the Frankfurt School of social thought, but nonetheless believed that Marx’s views needed to be thoroughly changed in order to make them genuinely contemporary and modern. Considering this, Habermas came up with two important theories namely The Theory of Communication, and The Theory of Rationalization of System and Life-world. In his theory of communication, Habermas assigns himself to redefine the MarxianShow MoreRelatedModernism And Modernism : Postmodernism And Postmodernism1632 Words   |  7 PagesModernism is what most people describe as what came before postmodernism. For this essay I will first be looking at what the meaning of modernism and postmodernism is and I will also be looking at the different factors of both modernism and postmodernism and why modernism has declined and has been rejected. I will also be researching on how modernism and postmodernism started and why it started and for this I will be look ing at different characteristic of both modernism and post modernism and compareRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1472 Words   |  6 PagesModernism and Postmodernism are both two important eras in design. Postmodernism takes a lot of concepts from the modernism era. Both modernism and post modernism focus on Style, Social analysis, Cultural Context, Philosophy, Politics, Human experience, Machine aesthetics, and the constant transformation of the â€Å"New†. An interesting fact of the Modernism and Postmodernism is the use of the psychology and philosophy themes 1. Subjectivity 2.History 3. Culture and 4. Theoretically divers aestheticsRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 PagesModernism and Postmodernism To begin with, to determine the meaning of postmodernism is possible only through the relationship with modernism. Modernism in modern science is understood as a kind of cultural consciousness, which is implemented in the artistic practice of symbolism, expressionism and acmeism. In the socio-historical context, it means the period of modernism in the development of culture from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, that is, from Impressionism to a new novel andRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism2457 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper outlines, argues and evaluates the key ideas used in debates about modernism and postmodernism. In order to understand and evaluate the key ideas the terms modernism and postmodernism had to be defined. I found much difficulty in finding a clear and concise definition of the two terms and so I researched and formed a train of thoughts into one definition. Modernism, beginning in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth ce ntury within Europe and America, was a movement mainly pioneeredRead MorePostmodernism And Modernism1273 Words   |  6 PagesSuccessfully marketing a product is a fundamental component in remaining competitive in the vicious dog-eat-dog world of business. The rise of postmodernism in society redefined what successful and adaptive marketing looks like and consequently it gave branding a whole new meaning and significance. Postmodernism means different things to different disciplines, yet the general consensus is that it is a contemporary cultural phenomenon (Brown 1996). The postmodern brand model enabled brands to haveRead MoreModernism Versus Postmodernism918 Words   |  4 PagesModernism vs. Postmodernism Post-modernism follows and shares many of the same ideas as modernism. Though, at the same time, they differ in many ways. These distinctions can be seen in the two works of literature, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross† by David Mamet. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† represents the modernist literature. Modernism is a style of literature that came about after World War I in Europe. It emerged in the United States in the late 1920s. ModernismRead MorePostmodernism : What Is Post Modernism?1389 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Post-Modernism? Post modernism is a difficult view point to interpret or describe in a few words, as to provide an insightful description that remains succinct is quite ironic as postmodernism opposes the attempt to ascribe one broad meaning to any â€Å"thing†. Postmodernism has often been referred to as the destruction of the Metanarrative. Thought-out all cultural eras society has usually had a focal point in their cultures. The age of enlightenment used God, modernists used technology, postmodernismRead MoreDifferences Between Modernism And Postmodernism1411 Words   |  6 PagesThere are a lot of differences between modernism and postmodernism. The first is that modernism began in the late 19th century and lasted until the 20th century, specifically from the year 1890s to 1945. According to Oak (2008), â€Å"†¦ modernism and postmodernism highlights the difference in the approaches towards life.† A good example would be, during the modernist era rational and logical thinking was encouraged as well as being objective and postmodernism does not and is subjective. My chosen majorRead MoreDifferences Between Modernism And Postmodernism1576 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the key differences between Modernism and Postmodernism as architectural movements? I was looking at differences and similarity between the Modern and Post-modern Architectures movement in the 20th century’s, and found inspiration in the movements and the way the two movements has made a massive impact in the world of Architecture world Modernism Looking into the modernRead More Modernism vs Postmodernism Essay2441 Words   |  10 Pagesof signifying practices, perhaps centred on a medium but certainly not bounded by it. (Victor Burgin, The absence of presence, Art in Theory, pp. 1098-9) Discuss the merits of Burgins statement as a basis on which to distinguish postmodernism from Modernism in the practice of art. In your answer you should make reference to at least four works which you consider to be of particular relevance to an argument between these two positions. This question highlights one of the themes central to

Marketing and Advertising Online Sports †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Advertising Online Sports. Answer: Introduction: On the basis of the executed analysis, it has been noted down that Australian tennis is a Tennis tournament that has been organized within Sydney. It is a tennis tournament that is held annually over the last fortnight of the month of April and May in the city of Sydney, Australia. This sports event was first held in the year 2010 and is also considered as the biggest tournament and Tennis events of the year (Osipov and Vonog, 2016). The main features of this sports event are the matches of mens and womens singles, mens and womens singles and mixed doubles and junior championships. The other special features of this sports event for handicapped and paralyzed are also conducted such as for the wheelchair, legends and exhibition events. The tournament was played on the grounds made of grass courts but after that, there have been some changes in the courts. Now there are two types of Hard-court are used for playing on the playing grounds. These grounds are Green colored Rebound Ace; thi s ground was used also used in the events till the last few years (Taks, Chalip and Green, 2015). This sports event has been recognized as one of the topmost ranked and liked event in the region. There is the number of local sportspersons that have gained names due to their magnificent games and victories in this event. The tennis event discussed above is a charity event that is organized in the local regions with a motive for raising funds and capital for the handicapped and the paralyzed individuals. Providing these individuals with some financial help and other facilities so as to make their life better for present and future has been considered as the main goal of this sports event (Hu, Chen and Tzeng, 2016). This sports event is also organized for generating awareness for being health fit and fine. Moreover, the locals are involved in the preparation of the food items served during the sports events so as to provide them employment and aid them in earning money. It has also been observed that some local celebrities and sports personalities are also invited for promoting the event. The marketing of the event There are various tennis events takes place in Australia due to increase in the number of tennis fans (Funk, Alexandris and McDonald, 2016). There are sports authorities and sponsors who support such events associated with the tennis game. Tennis is an indoor game which is liked by most of the people (Jordan, 2016). It is usually played between two players and the game can be of singles and doubles. Australian sports team hosts various events associated with tennis game in which many players participate and is performed annually or within six months (Gonzalez, Estvez and Griffiths, 2017). This event consists of mixed doubles, championships for juniors, mens/womens singles and doubles. Tennis game was first played in Sydney, Australia and now is the permanent sport of the Grand Slam Event. There are many tennis lovers and players participate in the event for which marketing needs to be done. It helps the tennis favorites to watch the game live either on social media or television. The promotional event was conducted by the event organizers by using social media sites. They preferred social media platform as it could receive number of players and viewers for the Australian sports event (Berg and Braun, 2017). Organizers want to promote the event to different cities of the world and to have a reach of a large number of viewers. Social media is the best platform when it comes to the marketing of any event. It helps in engaging audience living in different parts of the world. The tournament season of tennis game included viewers from various countries of the world. The creative was designed representing the highlights of the game. On the Facebook, the tennis game was made life so that people who were not able to come to Sydney can see while sitting at their homes (Schmid, Kexel and Djafarova, 2016). The live videos also increased the insights of the tennis game Facebook page and have also increased the YouTube subscriber's rate. Since the tennis game event occurs annually or within 6 months people have more excitement to watch the live game. Engaging traffic on Facebook, marketing was also done using print media and advertising of the tennis game. The news updates were published in the newspapers and also promoted on news channels over television. For advertising the tennis game event, banners were printed and were placed at different locations in Sydney. This attracted people from various fields to watch the game (Shank and Lyberger, 2014). Methods to be used to evaluate the event On the basis of detailed survey and the data analyzed after the completion of the sports event, it has been concluded that the Australian Tennis event was a successful event in the number of aspects. It has been noted that the event earned good amount of charity and funds and that was further utilized for helping the required one (John, Stewart and McDonald, 2013). The below mentioned are some of the aspects through which the sports event has been evaluated. To gather the relevant information to know about the highlights of the tennis game, questionnaire and interview technique was used. The face-to-face interviews were conducted by the marketers of tennis game event from different tennis players, coaches, sponsors, viewers of the game and other people associated with a game. Later, when the game was finished questionnaires were send to the viewers to know about the success of tennis game (Lopez-Gonzalez, Estvez and Griffiths, 2017). According to the data collected by the qualitative data collection method, it has been found out that tennis game event was liked by many people. However, there were some negative responses also about the tennis game (Rogers and Davidson, 2015). The data collection methods provided relevant information about the tennis game event. Marketing increases the visibility of the tennis game on various social media channels like Facebook, twitter, YouTube and many more. This helps many people to stay connected with the recent updates and the other related aspects of the tennis game (Shank and Lyberger, 2014). Successful marketing of tennis game will help in better advertising of the game, reach to more number of viewers, increase the sponsorship and increase in the number of sales. Marketing will be beneficial to accomplish goals of the sports authorities. As per the inquiry made by the Australian sports authorities, the strengths and weaknesses of marketing the tennis game have been highlighted. The data were analyzed using qualitative research method to ensure that the information is correct about tennis game marketing. From the recent studies, it has been found out that with the help of tennis game marketing, the participants were increased about 15% in the latest tennis game event (Better evaluation, 2017). References Better evaluation, 2017. Approaches. [Online] Better evaluation. Available at: https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/approaches [Accessed: 16 April 2018] Funk, D., Alexandris, K. and McDonald, H. (2016) Sport consumer behaviour: Marketing strategies. New York: Routledge. Hu, K.H., Chen, F.H. and Tzeng, G.H. (2016) Evaluating the improvement of sustainability of sports industry policy based on MADM. Sustainability, 8(7), p.606. John, A., Stewart, B. and McDonald, B. (2013) Mixed doubles: Political hegemony, urban entrepreneurialism and the Australian open tennis championships.The International Journal of the History of Sport,30(2), pp.162-178. Jordan, L.A. (2016) Staging Sports events: Challenges and opportunities. In Sports Event Management (pp. 21-42). Routledge. Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Estvez, A. and Griffiths, M.D. (2017) Marketing and advertising online sports betting: a problem gambling perspective. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41(3), pp.256-272. Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Estvez, A. and Griffiths, M.D. (2017) Marketing and advertising online sports betting: a problem gambling perspective. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41(3), pp.256-272. Osipov, A. and Vonog, V. (2016) Ensuring a possibility of high quality training of students as sports volunteers for competitions in terms of organizing and running Universiade-2019. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(2), p.361. Rogers, T. and Davidson, R. (2015) Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events (Vol. 14). New York: Routledge. Schmid, B., Kexel, C. and Djafarova, E. (2016) Multidimensional Sports Spectators Segmentation and Social Media Marketing. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 10(8), pp.2673-2676. Shank, M.D. and Lyberger, M.R. (2014) Sports marketing: A strategic perspective. New York: Routledge. Taks, M., Chalip, L. and Green, B.C. (2015) Impacts and strategic outcomes from non-mega sport events for local communities. European sport management quarterly, 15(1), pp.1-6. Van Den Berg, L. and Braun, E. (2017) Sports and city marketing in European cities. New York: Routledge.

Case on Adoption Law

Question: Discuss about the Case on Adoption Law. Answer: Introduction When a person takes the responsibilities of a child, to raise the child in a way they would raise their own child, it is known as adoption. It is a formal process through which a legal relationship between the child and the guardian is created. The adopted child becomes the child of the adoptive parent and gets all the rights that a biological child would have. So, an adoptive child would be the legal heir of the parent and this would terminate the childs legal rights in relation to his natural parents (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2016). In the following segments, a discussion on adoption for the given case has been made. Legislation In United States, the adoption is ruled by federal laws and the state laws. Federal laws provide the standards which the States have to comply with in their adoption laws. State laws contain the adoption laws based on the area of adoption which can be domestic or inter country. State laws also contain the laws regarding post adoption. The Constitution of US does not mention adoption as a fundamental right as was seen in the case of Lindley for Lindley v. Sullivan, 889 F.2d 124 (7th Cir. 1989) (Cornell University Law School, 2016). So, adoption can only take place if the enabling statues exist. In North Carolina, There are certain requirements for adoption which have to be fulfilled and these are stated here. The adoptive parents have to be of at least 18 years of age (Adopt US Kids, 2016). A person can be adopted regardless of the age of such person. So, a minor as well as an adult can be adopted in North Carolina. A person who is married, single, divorced or widowed can adopt. Further, the adoptive person may or may not have a previous experience of parenting. Even if such person has a child, they can adopt another person. The person interested in adopting may be living in his own house or on rent. The North Carolina Adoption Statute and Law are stated in Chapter 48, through its various articles, which relates to Adoptions (Child Adoption Laws, 2013). The adoptive applicants are checked for a criminal record by taking finger prints of such applicants. Further, the adoption agencies state the necessary number of training hours for the adoptive parents. A person can become an adoptive parent only if such person can provide the adopted person with the necessary care and stability (Find Law, 2016). Such parent has to be ready to face the challenges which may arise due to adoption of a person. A person who is above 12 years of age can only be adopted only after the approval is taken from such person. Further, to adopt in North Carolina, the adoptive parents have to live in the state for a minimum of 90 days. A parent adopting a person with special needs receives adoptive subsidy. Federal title IV-E and state adopting assistance programs, known as non-IV-E are formulated to assist the parents in meeting the costs of such special adoptive children (North American Council on Adoptable Children, 2012). A child with learning difficulties is included in the list of special children. But such child has to be analyzed by a qualified professional. Such professional has to diagnose that the child has a psychiatric condition which weakens the mental, intellectual, or social functioning, of the child. The professional also has to show that such child requires professional services. A special child can only be adopted if such child is free for adoptions. Further, such child has to be in the placement responsibility of North Carolina agency, which has been authorized to place the child as eligible, for adoption assistance. After the adoption process is completed, the payments of adoption assistance are granted to the adoptive parent. Advice In the given case, Brenda is divorced and is of above 18 years of age. The person she wants to adopt, Leesa, is 22 years old. She is diagnosed with learning difficulties. Brenda wants to adopt Leesa and Leesa also wants the same. So, the essential as per the statues of North Carolina have been fulfilled here and hence, Brenda can adopt Lessa. But Brenda would have to get a certification from a professional which proves that Lessa has learning difficulties, so as to be eligible for the adoption assistance. So, it is advised to Brenda to get the necessary certification so as to adopt Lessa as per laws and also be eligible for the adoption assistance. References Adopt US Kids. (2016). North Carolina foster care and adoption guidelines. Retrieved on 15/09/16 from: https://adoptuskids.org/adoption-and-foster-care/how-to-adopt-and-foster/state-information/north-carolina Child Adoption Laws. (2013). Child Adoption Laws North Carolina. Retrieved on 15/09/16 from: https://www.childadoptionlaws.com/child_adoption_laws/adoption_laws_north_carolina.htm Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Adoption. Retrieved on 15/09/16 from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/adoption/ Cornell University Law School. (2016). Adoption. Retrieved on 15/09/16 from: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/adoption Find Law. (2016). North Carolina Adoption Laws. Retrieved on 15/09/16 from: https://statelaws.findlaw.com/north-carolina-law/north-carolina-adoption-laws.html North American Council on Adoptable Children. (2012). North Carolina State Subsidy Profile. Retrieved on 15/09/16 from: https://www.nacac.org/adoptionsubsidy/stateprofiles/northcarolina.html

Leadership Concepts Kentucky Fried Chicke

Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is an organization that is situated in Kentucky in the United States of America. The organization begun from a humble setting but with time it has managed to establish many branches in the US and beyond boarders. The success of this organization is owed to the effective leadership manifested in its leaders. This paper will focus on the concepts of leadership that have contributed to the prowess of this organization.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Leadership Concepts: Kentucky Fried Chicke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More KFC is one of the most outstanding chains of fast food joints. It deals with foods that are made from chicken and other table birds. The organization has many branches that are under the leadership of specific people. The headquarters of this organization are very keen when it comes to selecting branch managers because it is not any one that can be a leader. Bes ides, KFC has been able to embrace gender equality in its levels of management. This has enabled the firm to be more diverse in its employee selection. Foti and Hauenstein (2007) explain that most people feel that leadership cannot be acquired through learning because they think that leadership is an inborn quality for some people or gender. To some extent this is true but then it does not mean that those who were not born to be leaders cannot make good leaders. All that matters while selecting leaders are their qualities because everyone would want to become a leader but then if they do not have the qualities that are required they cannot guide others. According to Tihemore (2003), some people are only interested in leadership because of the material gain that is associated with it, such as good pay and other incentives. What they forget is that when one becomes a leader it is not enjoyable as people make it sound because a leader bears most responsibilities and in case things go w rong the leader continues to be blamed even after he or she has quit from that position. For instance, President George Bush will continue to be blamed for the recession that took place during his regime and there is nothing he can do to justify himself. The behavior of a leader is very important because it can influence his/her performance and that of his/her juniors. In the case of KFC the leaders who head the branches and departments are people who exhibit high degree of honesty and loyalty. This is a crucial element to KFC, considering that this organization has a secret recipe that should never be revealed to anyone. This means that if the recipe was revealed to a leader who is not loyal to this organization, he/she would share it with the competitors which could cause the organization to loose many of its customers. Furthermore, the behavior of a leader should be reflected in his/her juniors because one can never preach water and drink wine. A leader should be the role model o f his/her subjects because that is what commands respect towards him/her.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yukl (2006) argues that a good leader should be brave and stand strong even when things are not working as expected. This implies that when tough decisions have to be made the leader has to stand on his ground even when everybody else thinks that his/her strategy will not succeed in achieving the organization’s mission. By taking a firm stand the juniors will be in a position to believe in him/her. KFC has food outlets in different locations and this means that each branch faces different challenges hence the leaders of these branches must be dynamic in their thoughts so that they are able to overcome the challenges before them. If the leaders of teams lose focus during difficult situations the teams will be demoralized and loose confidence because they feel that if the leader is not able to withstand challenges they are not exceptional. This further suggests that the leader should be on the frontline in implementing decisions instead of leading from behind the scenes. The attitude of a leader also constitutes to effective leadership because it is what makes him/her to the extra mile in doing extra-ordinary things for the sake of the organization. Positive thinking is very crucial to a leader because unless he/she looks at issues from a positive perspective he/she may not commit himself to fulfilling the goal of the organization. Since the branches of KFC are not located in one central location it is the positive attitude of the leaders in their respective branches that will make them to motivate and encourage their juniors. Positive attitude entails working hard towards perfection as if the organization belongs to you or its success depends on your efforts (Yulk, 2006). Likewise, leadership skills are very essential in leadership and t hey involve the ability to communicate effectively with the entire workforce of the organization. At KFC decisions are made at both the headquarters and at the branch level and the effectiveness in implementation rely on the communication abilities of the managers who are in charge of the various outlets. For communication to bear any fruits the leader should establish working relationships with the juniors. George (2006) states that a reputable leader knows how to present his/her information and therefore a leader must identify the approaches to employ in order to deliver the message. Communication enhances collaboration between the branch managers and their respective staff, thus enhancing leadership attitude.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Leadership Concepts: Kentucky Fried Chicke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because the manager can not accomplish the tasks assigned to him/her without the a ssistance of the junior staff and every one else under his/her leadership. For instance, the branch manager of KFC should interact with the cashiers and the cleaners plus the other members of staff so that they can come up with ideas of achieving better results. Furthermore, being knowledgeable is a desirable quality of a leader. This is because if the person who is supposed to lead the others is not experienced or in other words knowledgeable he/she may not deliver the required results. Since KFC operates in the fast food industry the persons that are appointed to head its departments and branches should be knowledgeable in this field. For instance, a leader who is knowledgeable in food technology would be best suited in becoming the head cook or pastry chef. Knowledgeable leaders are able to conform to industry standards that are supposed to be adhered by an organization. In conclusion, a leader should never ignore counsel from juniors because even if they are not educated than hi m/her they may know a thing or two about an issue. In addition, a leader should be humble while interacting with his/her juniors because that is what will make them respect him/her. However, a leader should set limits of his/her interactions without having to sound arrogant. Being arrogance will create a communication barrier between the leader and his/her juniors and thus if there are any tasks that requires combined efforts they may not be accomplished because the juniors may use that opportunity to sabotage the efforts of their leader. References Foti, R.J., Hauenstein, N.M.A. (2007). Pattern and Variable Approaches in Leadership Emergence and Effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 347-355 George, J.M. (2006). Leader Positive Mood and Group Performance: The Case of Customer Service. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(9):778-794.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tihemore, J. (2003). Leadership at all Levels. Canada: Boskwa Publishing. Yukl, G.A. (2006). Leadership in Organizations. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall. This assessment on Leadership Concepts: Kentucky Fried Chicke was written and submitted by user Fatima Griffin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Multiculturalilsm in the United States

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the reader’s knowledge of the true meaning of multiculturalism, and to provide a reason for multicultural education. Some think that multiculturalism is divisive rather than unifying. It emphasizes on our uniqueness and differences, rather than our similarities and commonalties, continuing keep the rift wide. Some worry that if schools are to pass on our collective â€Å"American culture,† who decides what that culture is (Miningco. 1)? Multiculturalism has some serious logical flaws and I am skeptical of ‘tolerance used as a policy’ when limits are set upon it. There is no freedom when others are oppressed (Miningco. 1)! Multiculturalism is, to some, racism in a politically- correct guise. It would turn this country into a collection of separatist groups competing with each other for power. Multiculturalism is a threat to education: instead of encouraging students to question their assumptions and the assumptions of their parents and society, multiculturalism demands that students accept blindly what they’re given. Many people have a very superficial view of racism (Gorski & Covert The Multicultural Pavilion 1). Racism is the notion that one’s race determines one’s identity. The spread of racism requires the destruction of an individual’s confidence in his own mind. The diversity movement claims that its goal is to extinguish racism and build tolerance of differences: this is a complete sham. Multicultural education is a transformative movement in education, which produces critically thinking, socially active members of society. It respects diversity while teaching all children to become effective and participating members of a democracy. It respects individuality while promoting respect for others. It emphasizes the contributions of the various groups (ethnic, gender, religious, sexual orientation, etc.) that make up the population of the world (Gorski & Covert ... Free Essays on Multiculturalilsm in the United States Free Essays on Multiculturalilsm in the United States The purpose of this paper is to enhance the reader’s knowledge of the true meaning of multiculturalism, and to provide a reason for multicultural education. Some think that multiculturalism is divisive rather than unifying. It emphasizes on our uniqueness and differences, rather than our similarities and commonalties, continuing keep the rift wide. Some worry that if schools are to pass on our collective â€Å"American culture,† who decides what that culture is (Miningco. 1)? Multiculturalism has some serious logical flaws and I am skeptical of ‘tolerance used as a policy’ when limits are set upon it. There is no freedom when others are oppressed (Miningco. 1)! Multiculturalism is, to some, racism in a politically- correct guise. It would turn this country into a collection of separatist groups competing with each other for power. Multiculturalism is a threat to education: instead of encouraging students to question their assumptions and the assumptions of their parents and society, multiculturalism demands that students accept blindly what they’re given. Many people have a very superficial view of racism (Gorski & Covert The Multicultural Pavilion 1). Racism is the notion that one’s race determines one’s identity. The spread of racism requires the destruction of an individual’s confidence in his own mind. The diversity movement claims that its goal is to extinguish racism and build tolerance of differences: this is a complete sham. Multicultural education is a transformative movement in education, which produces critically thinking, socially active members of society. It respects diversity while teaching all children to become effective and participating members of a democracy. It respects individuality while promoting respect for others. It emphasizes the contributions of the various groups (ethnic, gender, religious, sexual orientation, etc.) that make up the population of the world (Gorski & Covert ...

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Summary - Essay Example Individuals such as Francis L. Lawrence have been expressed to the stipulations shunning prejudice due to his utterance. Francis L. Lawrence once expressed that blacks were the most disadvantaged and lacked genetic hereditary to merit any higher advantage. Craig Rogers also filed an expensive case about her lesbian professor of psychology for leaving her feeling rapped and also trapped. Learning institutions have formulated strategies to ensure no tolerance to prejudice of any manner ranging from racism to Christian bashing. This has been implemented to ensure that the society is favorable to the perceived minorities. By resisting every element of prejudice, it does not depict that the racial aspect does not exist in every individual. Nonetheless intellectual pluralism should be embraced to permit respect of expression of every individual. "Only when racism and other forms of prejudice are expunged," The suppression of prejudice targets the time when there will be a total belief among individuals in the society that there is no difference in human origin, a provision that is even doubted still. The author states that, â€Å"I doubt such a day will ever arrive.† The feeling of segregation is recurrent in human and should be suppressed every time. If a total freedom exists, people will be legitimate in their diverse thoughts such as insanity of the homosexuals , their barrier to reproduction and the doubts they impose on people. Moreover, as the efforts are geared towards doing away with the prejudice it is realized that no much achievement are attained and as a result the conditions worsen. Therefore, it would be wise to start thinking and implementing the facets of prejudice at the expense of eliminating them. Prejudice has caused much confusion in the society and bad habits in the society such as homosexuality benefit from the policies and opposing homosexuality is a prejudice to the group. For instance the student

Healthcare Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Websites - Essay Example The Overall Ratings are again sub-categorized in to four. In the Health Inspections, Tacoma Lutheran Home has 5 out 5 in the quality rating system compare to Center’s 2 out of 5 stars. The statistics which may contribute for this rating is also given where Park Rose Care Center has 14 and Tacoma Lutheran Home has 1 as the total number of health deficiencies. Under Nursing home staff ratings Park Rose Care Center (PRCC) is rated with 2 out of 5 stars where Tacoma Lutheran Home (TLH) has 4 out of 5. In comparison TLH has 153 residents to PRCC’s 90 where Total Number of Licensed Nurse Staff Hours per Resident per Day values is high in TLH than in PRCC. Under Quality Measures both Nursing Homes have 3 stars out of 5. This comparison is based on the Long-Stay residents and Short-stay resident statistics. It very interesting to see the graphical comparison is also provided together with numerical percentages. In the graphical presentation the two nursing homes are also compar ed with the average of all Nursing Homes in United States in relevance to each factor. In the context of Fire Safety Inspections PRCC has 12 Fire Safety Deficiencies against TLH’s 7. Finally Nursing Home Characteristics are compared regarding the Program Participation, Number of Certified Beds, and Type of Ownership etc. It should be also mentioned the summarized table is also linked with corresponding detailed description of sub-categorize used for the comparison.

Talent Management Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Talent Management Strategy - Essay Example According to the report often it is observed that corporate environments are more goal specific and outcome oriented. It should however not be neglected that the path to the accomplishment of the aspired goals is the actual key to success. Treading this path with insight and taking care of all the factors that emerge within it gives organizations a smooth sailing to the target location.From this study it is clear that  organizations term the recruiting and handling of talented individuals as the most challenging task for an organizational setup. The better the employees of an organization get suited to the structural needs of the setup, the better it is for the growth of that particular corporate environment. This adoption and integration is often termed as talent management. â€Å"A major contributor is obviously your employees. Aligning the organization’s business strategy with its workforce is called talent management, and it involves aligning the right person with the r ight role with the right tools.†Ã‚  It is imperative that a specific approach should be adopted that would safeguard the needs of talented employees and would also harness their talents for the progressiveness of the organizational setup as a whole. Following discussion narrates a few strategically inevitable steps that may be termed as components of the talent management strategy.  It is essentially the first ever step in the making of any organizational set up that the organizational goals and strategy should be developed.... The progressive execution of these components assists the organization in treading towards leading endeavors. Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the Talent Management Strategy. Figure 1: Integrated Approach to Talent Management Strategy. ( Accenture Seven Imperatives for Achieving Dynamic Supply Chains. Copyright  © 2011 ) Planning Employee Assignments Strategically It is essentially the first ever step in the making of any organizational set up that the organizational goals and strategy should be developed. Employees who possess just the right talent for the organizational goals and the positions where there integration would be suited best should be identified. The identifications of the roles and individuals may reveal the need for the induction of more talented individuals with respect to the emerging needs. And in order to cover any gaps that may be present in the current setup. Harnessing Talent The identification, polishing and rightful embedding of the talent existin g within an organization is a very peculiar task indeed. If deficient in the required skills, talent hunt may need to be generated in order to bring in individuals that possess just the required talents. Sometimes the talent within the existing employees may be overshadowed by the tasks that they are presently assigned with. It is therefore recommended that the talent hunt should be done both within and outside the parent organization. Managing Performances The key concern of revolutionizing talent management with respect to every individual organization is that the employees’ performances should be managed in line with the strategy of the organization itself. Employees’ Motivation, Career

The Crucible | Analysis

The Crucible | Analysis The tragic events that unfold in The Crucible are to an extent caused by Abigails sexual desire however she is not the only one to blame. The Crucible is about the Salem Witch Trials which took place in 17th century Massachusetts where 19 innocent people were condemned. Considering the atmosphere of the Puritan society presented in the novel, a significant event like this is bound to occur sooner or later. Even though she is the trigger to the mass hysteria which occurs in the novel, her desires are only partly to be blamed. We see throughout the play how Abigail manipulates the people around her to get to this ultimate desire. Nevertheless, we must also take into account the role of John Proctor and a combination of other things in the novel which are also at fault. One could argue that Abigail was only the catalyst and just sped up the course of action and chain of events. In the early 1600s Puritans arrived to the New World from England where they established their religious intolerant colonies. Puritanism was a very austere branch of Anglican Church during the 16th and 17th centuries. They broke off from the Church as they felt that their practices were still very close to that of the Catholic Church. In order to avoid religious persecution in England they left for America. The Puritans feared this new land and especially its inhabitants. They often attributed the natives with voodoo and magic. They feared that there was evil in every corner even within their own communities. This story takes place in 1692 in a small colonial town of Salem, Massachusetts. It was a theocratic society where church and state were one and judicial system was based upon the bible. God was the supreme leader of society. Those who questioned the courts were thought of as questioning God himself. (You must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between.) You were either a man of God or the devil. The Puritan culture was governed by the church and was extremely restrictive. It was a male dominated society where the men made the rules. Physical labor and following strict guidelines was the only way to be a proper Christian and show your faithfulness. In this society there was also a strong belief in witchcraft and superstition. Strange incidences including sickness like in the play where girls become ill, death, and plague are considered to be the works of the devil. They were blamed on the devil or his followers. This led to people becoming frightened and accusing others of witchcraft. There was a mass hysteria. These witch trials were a crucial part of restoring the honor and goodness of the community. This was also fueled by grudges and jealousies among the people of the community. Some wanted land while some blamed others for their troubles and miseries. A good example is the Putnams. Mr. Putnam covets land and so he falsely accuses others then buys up their land while Mrs. Putnam accused Rebecca Nurse of witchcraft basing it on the fact that seven of her children had died while Nurse had never lost a single child or grandchild. (They were murdered, Mr. Paris! And mark this proof!) At the end, in September 1692, nineteen inno cent people and two dogs were convicted and hanged for witchcraft while hundreds others were accused and dozens others still remained in jail on charges of witchcraft. In the midst of all this madness was Abigail Williams. Abigail Williams is a very attractive, unmarried, 18 year old orphan, and the main antagonist of the play. She is the niece of Reverend Parris. She is also the ringleader of the group of adolescent girls and drives the action of the play foreword. She is very smart, cunning, and also revengeful. Abigails and the other girls actions at the start of the play are the effect of the towns strict atmosphere. We learn that the girls were caught dancing in the forest. The forest is considered to be the stronghold of the devil where danger and evil lurks. That is probably one of the main reasons why the girls went there. They wanted to feel the excitement of doing something unlawful. Early on in the play we also learn that before the events of the play Abigail used to work as a servant at the Proctors household. After it was discovered by Goody Proctor that Proctor and Abigail were having an affair she fired Abigail. Proctor commits adultery with her and takes away her innocence. I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! In Salem the people live a gloomy and very simple life. All types of free behavior and desires are discouraged and forbidden in the Puritan society. They are thought of as unnatural and work of the devil. Abigail is not the only one with desires. There are other characters such as Mr. Putnam who wants to have his neighbors land and Paris who wants more power and control over the town. Abigails desire and jealousy is caused by Procter. She thinks that Proctor loves her and her only however is unable to be with her mainly due to Elizabeth. She wants love and to be adored. She sees herself as the true love of Proctor. It is also important to note that Abigail probably was never loved much by her close relatives and that is why she lusts for Proctor. Her parents were brutally killed by Indians. (I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at nightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Its her desires for Procter and her envy of Elizabeth Procter who she wants to take revenge upon for dismissing her. (Oh, I marvel how such a strong man may let such a sickly wife beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, sniveling woman, and you bend to her!) It is clear that throughout the action of the play what Abigails motifs are. Abigail wants power. Once she realizes what she can do by accusing people of witchcraft, she takes full advantage of it. Abigail had no problem with sinning and falsely accusing innocents of witchcraft in order to get Proctor. Throughout the play Abigail tells countless lies to manipulate her friends, the town and the judiciary and then at the end causing the deaths of 19 people. Abigail was responsible for the wicked behavior of the girls in the forest which got them into some serious trouble. There are already rumors around town of Abigails affair with Proctor now on top of that people are talking of witchcraft. At the start she only tries to conceal the truth for if it gets out that Abigail drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor, she could be severely punished or even be hanged for it. At first when she is accused of witchcraft she tries to get all the girls under control by threatening them. (Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And that is all.) And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word , or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a point reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; And you know I can do it I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down. Once questioned about the forest incident by Hale she lies and is quick to blame the whole thing on Tituba. (She sends her spirit out on me in church; she makes me laugh at prater! She comes to me every night to go and drink blood!) Tituba was a slave meaning she has a lower status and so is an easy target for she is from Barbados and is familiar with black magic making her suspicious. Subsequently Tituba does the unexpected by confessing to the false charges and naming other associates of the devil. Realizing this Abigail does the same and the girls follow. She firstly accuses the outcasts of society to get the support from the townsfolk knowing well that they will easily believe it. She shifts the attention from herself by crying witchcraft. I want to open myself! . . . I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him, I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! This is when the hysteria starts and it slowly builds up from here. By doing this Abigail gets the respect and appreciation of the people. This in a way gives her unlimited power over the town which she can use to accuse anyone in the town and get away with it. She is a woman with so much power in a society run by the men. She uses this power to manipulate the court by first gaining their trust and sympathy for her as she is the victim and then spreading more and more lies along with the rest of the group. Furthermore, if one of the girls goes against her as with the case of Mary Warren, she accuses them of witchcraft as well. (A wind, a cold wind, has comeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Why do you come, yellow bird? You cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Maryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) This just shows that she is determined to get Proctor. However at the end after seeing that because of her Proctor will hang, she runs away. Proctor, who finally confesses his guilt, raising questions of the cred ibility of the girls, dies a noble man and undermines the authority of the judiciary and the its judges including Danforth. Danforth is one of the judges of the witch trials. He is also guilty for the part he played in the witch trials. At the start of the play he did strongly believe in this absurdity and on top of that he had probably already condemned several witches. He should be blamed for his failure to stop the insanity. There was absolutely no evidence against the accused except for the words of a few mindless adolescent girls and their ring leader. Towards the end of the play it was clear that the whole thing was blown out of proportion and that the girls were lying, Abigail along with Mercy ran away with stolen money right after accusing Hathrones wife and the rebellion against the court in Andover. Knowing this quite well he still chose to continue instead of pardoning the accused. There will be no postponement. You misunderstand, sir; I cannot pardon these when twelve are already hanged for the same crime. It is not just. He was probably more worried about his position as judge and deputy gove rnor of Massachusetts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak Gods lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He convinced himself he was doing the right thing and also seeing that it would not look good on his part and reputation of the judiciary that innocents were killed. Desire is a basic human quality. You cannot turn it off or control it. From the start of the play Abigail was determined to get Procter. With sexual desires people dont always act consciously. Now for such a significant event like this to occur something else needs to happen first. In a religious and Theocratic society, the belief in witchcraft is already strong enough. Abigail inserts her problems with Procter into the story. However she is not the main character responsible for the events which take place. John Procter shares the guilt too as he is the one who put knowledge in her head and taught her everything she knew. She harms and manipulates everybody around her whom she hates or blocks her path of reaching her ultimate goal, John Procter which in the end she fails to accomplish. Abigail is the devil. She causes all the problems, starts and builds up the hysteria, causes quarrels among people, and brings about the destruction of the town. In this strict Puritan society we see how the people of the town twist the rules of God for their own purposes and to fulfill their own needs which in the end lead to the death of 19 innocent people. The main cause of the Salem Witch Trials is a disastrous combination of things which were slowing building up even before the events of the play. The society, Proctors affair with Abigail, teenage boredom, the townsfolks personal troubles, miseries, suspicions and covets, and Danforths failure to bring it to an end which altogether are responsible for the events which unfold. Abigails sexual desire was only the responsible for the mass hysteria and the escalation in The Crucible.

Physics of Pool :: physics sport pool billiards

Physics is the science that allows us to understand the fundamental behaviors of the universe. It can be explored at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, giving insight into the way objects interact. Here we will take a look at how physics can be applied to the game of pool. Almost all of the different aspects of pool can be explained through physics, and a better understanding of these fundemental principles can aid in performance playing pool. In the game of pool there are sixteen balls, one cueball and fifteen physically identical numbered balls. While there are many interactions between all the balls on the table, in order to simplify things we will only look at the interactions between the cue ball and the first ball it strikes. These principles can be expanded to evaluate the entire system of balls on the pool table. In order to evaluate the physics of pool, first the measurable values of the system must be collected. Parameter Symbol Value Cue ball mass m1 1.6x10-1 kg Cue ball radius r1 2.79x10-2m Ball mass m2-m16 1.7x10-1 kg Ball radii r2-r16 2.86x10-2 m Coefficient of friction  µk 0.027 Knowing these values the Motion, Work, and Energy can all be derived. The motion of the balls can be catagorized into two general catagories which are collisions and spin or rotation. Here the focus will be on collisions between the balls. The spin can have a significant effect on the motion of the ball, but due to time constraints and complexity of the science of it it will not be addressed to much detail. "An elastic collision between two objects is one in which the total kinetic energy (as well as total momentum) of the system is the same before and after the collision." (Physics for Scientists and Engineers) In a collision between the cue ball and another ball, since the masses are so similar the resulting angle between the vectors of the balls is approximately ninety degrees.

Race Conflict in “Remember the Titans” Essay

In the movie Remember the Titans Gerry and Julius worked to overcome racial issues and eventually resolved their unnecessary conflict. They came to develop an amazing friendship built on trust and respect. They eventually learned to appreciate the meaning of trusting a man for who they are as a person rather than the color of their skin. Early in the movie Gerry and Julius would not acknowledge one another, they were like enemies. When they looked at each other it was with both hatred and fear. They both lived their own separate lives, with their own race, and refused to interact with the other. If they communicated in a civil manner with the other race it was like committing an awful sin. They treated each other with such ignorance and hatred. They couldn’t stand each another and hated the way the other one acted. The majority of the time they approached their conflict with avoidance. Avoidance can be characterized as, â€Å"denial of the conflict, changing and avoiding topics, being noncommittal, and joking rather than dealing with the conflict at hand† (pg. 138). They did not want to work out their differences. Instead they chose to avoid the topic and not deal with the fact that they were of a different race. When both Gerry and Julius found out that they were going to be on the same football team they didn’t want to consider the possibility. They were both so narrow-minded and stubborn which resulted in neither seeing the other side of things. It seemed impossible for these two players to become friends  and forget about their racism. As they matured as adults and closer they became, the more they forgot about their differences and the more they defended their friendship. They were too determined to let their teammates hold them back. They would turn out to be great friends and role models for their team and the community. Much of the difference was overcome by dialogue. At first they had very little but over time they were able to grow together. â€Å"Dialogue differs from usual conversation because although you may dislike what the other person advocates, you still listen and work to value the person† (pg. 232). Their dislikes turned into likes and their unusual conversation turned into intimate conversation. When Gerry and Julius considered themselves brothers they realized how much they meant to each other and they were so honored and proud to be a true friend to each other. This was unthinkable, but the problem was that if they wanted to play football they had to overcome these hurdles, therefore not leaving them a lot of choices. On camp they would spend days together but neither of them made an effort to get along. Their friendship was so secure and they were so pleased that they had learned to overcome the racial issues and spent the time to get to know each other. They both still acted as if they were better than other and they weren’t going to attempt to change this. If something went wrong they would blame each other, or disagree, and always end up fighting and usually about different things. Their friendship evolved into healthy, yet competitive, camaraderie. â€Å"The competitive style of managing conflict is productive if one competes to accomplish individual goals without destroying the other person† (pg 145). That is why I say Gerry and Julius maintained a healthy sense of camaraderie. They had developed such a bond that they did not intend to harm the other. They actually fed off of the other as they matured and developed their skill on the field. By observing the friendship emerging between Gerry and Julius other people began to realize that having friends of a different race was not wrong. This also made Gerry and Julius’s friendship grow even stronger as they made a huge impact on the community. They understood each other and created a bond that would never be broken. Their hatred and disregard for the other due to race changed throughout the movie. They eventually grew into, what is described by Wilmot and Hocker as, a coalition (pg 189). The coalition that they created helped the remainder of the team and the community understand differences. References Hocker, J. & Wilmot, W. (2007) _Interpersonal Conflict_. New York: McGraw Hill.

The Counterculture essays

The Counterculture essays The history of United States of America starts relatively late when compared to other countries of West European civilization. However it inherited the background and experience of the old world and succeeded in becoming the worlds superpower. Today, the United States dominates the world in politics, economics and culture. The policies of the U.S. government directly affect every part of the world. In order to understand the motives of this superpowers policies, it is essential to understand historical events that shape American way of looking. This paper tries to examine how one of the major social movements, the counterculture movement in the sixties, changed the American perspective towards world issues. After the World War II, the structure of the society changed deeply in the United States. The gap between the government, and the public increased. Racial injustice was very common and people were afraid of foreign ideologies such as Communism (Hayden, 1962). Suburban communities, where women stayed at home, men went to work in his suits, and totally obedient children were the ideal (Mofford, 1998). The American dream components of the fifties were a car and a house with a garage in the suburban area. According to Hayden (1962), the characteristics of the ideal men in the fifties were impersonal and unemotional. The other prominent value of fifties was the sense of security emerged from sameness and conformity. I believe dedication to conformity in American society created a fear towards everything different than the ordinary. This fear was the main reason of the racial discrimination, fear from communism and anger towards the counterculture. In the sixties the young generation that did not accept to obey the existing social rules and tried to change the social conditions, formed a counterculture. Counterculture opposed the social structure of American culture by using literature, music, poetry, and a...

Occupational stress and work-life balance in the public sector in Saudi Arabia The WritePass Journal

Occupational stress and work-life balance in the public sector in Saudi Arabia Introduction Occupational stress and work-life balance in the public sector in Saudi Arabia ). This research found that culture and religion, health insurance and transportation are considered unique factors to the female employees in Saudi Arabia. The women who worked in the education sector all recognized their work as being culturally acceptable. Part of this sector necessarily includes academic employees, however education generally refers to primary, secondary and tertiary education institutions, whereas the current study proposes examine the academic field as a whole rather than isolating this to traditional forms of academics in the form of teaching. In contrast, women who worked in the medical field stated they did not always feel comfortable because they do work in the same space as male colleagues. Arguably, when one moves towards more advanced levels of academic employ, this lack of comfort becomes more pronounced as the employment moves away from being matriarchal (lower levels of education dealing with children and adolescents have been noted to respond better to females).   In Saudi Arabia, many in these fields do not have health insurance whereas most of them suffer from the issue of transportation. In terms of family and personal lives, Saudi women workers do not consider childcare centers as important as entrusting their maids or nannies with their children and therefore, most Saudi women workers bring maids to care for their children whilst they are at work. In addition, some Saudi women are not satisfied with their work hours especially when work hours surpass lunch hours or work occurs at night. Finally, Saudi women workers can find help at home either from husband, mother or maid and this may reduce work family conflict that Saudi working women face. Based on the findings of these previously conducted research papers, it is evident that this is a relevant gap in the current knowledge on occupational stress. The proposed research aims to further the current field of knowledge by conducting a specific inquiry into these factors as they relate to academic employment. If one considers the importance of education as a foundational pillar of society and development, adopting appropriate organizational behavior to mitigate organizational stress and therefore improve academic outcomes is an important and relevant study for sociological and corporate purposes. This research therefore aims to use the underlying theoretical considerations of organizational stress and the difficulties of establishing and maintaining a work-life balance to study the effects of the unique Saudi experience on female academic employees in the public sector. To current knowledge, there have been no similar studies undertaken in this field and therefore the gap in knowledge is evident. By understanding the unique factors of this situation, helpful recommendations for the adjustment of organizational behavior of academic institutions can be made to mitigate these stresses and improve overall organizational efficiency. Research Design Methodology The methodology proposed for the research is qualitative in nature, where the researcher aims to gain an understanding of the human behavior and the reasons that govern this behavior. The hypothesis of this research will be founded in academic literature sourced from a variety of secondary sources and thereafter supported by empirical evidence in the form of interviews conducted with relevant study participants. Thereafter this qualitative data will be analyzed in order to conclude recommendations and findings as to the nature of occupational stress and the work-life balance in the public sector for female academic employees. Proposed Structure The current research proposal has given a broad overview of the issues to be covered in the research, which will be conducted according to the following proposed structure: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study 1.1 Saudi Arabia Context 1.2 Religion and culture 1.3 Work by gender Chapter 2: Methodology Chapter 3: Considerations of Occupational Stress 3.1 Introduction to the study of occupational stress. 3.2 Stresses and strains experienced by academic employees: A literature review 3.3 A empirical study of stresses and strains experienced by academic employees Chapter 4: Considerations of Work-Life Conflict 4.1 Work-Family Conflict 4.2 Hours of Work 4.3 Females Concentrated in Narrow Fields 4.4 Work-Life Balance 4.5 The Importance of Work-life Balance for Women 4.6 Organizational Response to Work-life Issues Chapter 5: Female Academic Employment in the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia 5.1 The nature, predictors and outcomes of work-life conflict in academic employees in the public sector Chapter 6: Discussion Chapter 7: Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion Modern challenges to traditional ideas of organizational structure, behavior and culture have an important place in modern academic literature. Through understanding the particular circumstances in a geographical region such as Saudi Arabia, as well as the challenges facing these employees, one can begin to develop a conceptual framework for streamlining organizational objectives and maximizing the performance of these employees. The current research therefore proposes to undertake a study which examines these factors through understanding of the relevant theoretical considerations, as well as the factors particular to this sector and geographical region. References Al-Dehailan, Salman Saleh  (2007)  The participation of women in Saudi Arabias economy: Obstacles and prospects.Doctoral thesis, Durham University Alqahtani, S. (2006) The Education in Saudi Arabia critical view (1ed.). Riyadh, KSA. Bahkali, W. (2012) The Issues of Work Life Balance for Saudi Women Workers: A dissertation. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato Gurney, Sarah  (2010)  Gender, work-life balance and health amongst women and men in administrative, manual and technical  jobs inhttp://theses.gla.ac.uk/1641/  a single organisation: a qualitative study.  PhD  thesis,  University of Glasgow. Henry, O. Evans, A. (2008) Occupational Stress in Organizations and Its Effects on Organizational Performance. Journal of Management Research, 8(3). Lakshmipriya, Neena, S. (2008) Work Life Balance of Women Employees. [online] Available on: indianmba.com/Occasional_Papers/OP183/op183.html [Accessed 8 November 2012] Lowe, G. (2006) Under Pressure: Implications of Work-Life Balance and Job Stress, Human Solutions TM Report. [online] Available on: grahamlowe.ca/documents/182/Under%20Pressure%2010-06.pdf [Accessed 8 November 2012] Strauss, E. (2007) The Glass Ceiling: Women and Barriers in the Workplace. [online] Available on: associatedcontent.com/article/224822/the_glass_ceiling_women_and_ barriers_pg2.html?cat=3 [Accessed 8 November 2012] Travers, C. (2001) ‘Stress in teaching: past, present and future’ In Dunham, J. (Ed) Stress in workplace: past. Present and future.   London: Whurr Publishers Tytherleigh, M., Webba, C., Cooper, C. Ricketts, A. (2007) Occupational stress in UK higher education institutions: a comparative study of all staff categories. Higher Education Research Development, 24(1), pp. 41 – 61 Valcour, P. Batt, R. (2003) Worf-Life Integration: Challenges and Organisational Responses. Human Resource Studies, Faculty Publication, 1(1) Yamani, M. (1996) ‘Some Observations on women in Saudi Arabia.’ In M. Yamani (ed) Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives. New York: New York University Press.

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Media - Essay Example While the so-called dogmatic Marxists continue to assert that, the economy, particularly industry, is the battleground of the working class and capitalists, the pragmatic neo-Marxists recognize the role of politics and culture in maintaining oppressive class relations. Mao Zedong, renowned leader of the Chinese revolution, was considered a neo-Marxist by the Soviets. Mao insisted that his theories were still Marxist to the core. The only difference is that he applied it to the conditions of China, something that was impossible for Marx to consider in his time. Mao is no longer around too but his valuable contribution to the new Left, which influenced neo-Marxists today, regarding the importance of culture in introducing social change remains valid. It is from this vantage point that one of today's most potent cultural instruments, the internet, can be put into scrutiny. For neo-Marxists, it is a cultural battleground of those who desire to see the end of oppressive social structures and those who want to defend it. From this light also, the ascendance of the internet-based social media, particularly social networking, has given the opportunity for progressive forces to arm themselves with a new cultural weapon that is powerful enough to cross national borders and prevail over state restrictions. The Neo-Marxist Theoretical Framework The neo-Marxists consider mass media as an important part of the bourgeois state. They see it is a very powerful tool to promote and defend the interests of the wealthy few and it reflects the inequalities of a society. However, they also see it as a venue to propagate transformative and progressive ideas that can raise the political consciousness of the oppressed peoples. Many times, they have also used it for calls to action, for the mobilization of various sectors to struggle for economic and political reforms, at least, or to advance a total social overhaul with a revolution. The framework for this theory on the media is rooted in the Marxist analysis of class society. Marxism teaches that when an economic infrastructure promotes the interests of a single class, this sector can also have the power to dominate over the political and cultural superstructure. Capitalist relations in production allow the bourgeoisie to accumulate profits enough to expand production, ensure government control, and influence or manipulate culture. The ruling class in production is necessarily the dominant class also in politics in culture. For without its leash on both, its economic interests are placed at risks. Political supremacy grants the ruling class use of state machineries, a strategic factor for its survival. The coercive apparatuses such as the police, the courts, and the armed forces are employed to instill social order that favors the status quo. The deceptive instruments, which comprise all cultural components such as religion, education, and the mass media, are m eant to condition the minds of the ruled and oppressed to accept their fate and to comply to the system. In one of his writings, the German Ideology, Marx said that "The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas: i.e. the class, which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The

Preventable Hospitalizations for Congestive Heart Failure Article

Preventable Hospitalizations for Congestive Heart Failure - Article Example The independent variable in the study is from the year 1995 to 2009 while the dependent variable is preventable hospitalization for congestive heart failure among adults in sampled hospitals (Will et al., 2012). The study design in the article is cross-sectional research design using a sample of age, sex, and race of the patients. The sample size is 501 to 525 hospitals representing one percent of United States hospitalizations. The study uses stratified sampling with the sample characteristics being age, sex, and race of patients hospitalized of CHF in participating hospitals. Data was collected from the 1995 to 2009 National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (Will et al., 2012). Data collection methods were entrance records by hospitals of the CHF patients admitted between 1995 and 2009. The procedures conducted were the removal of severe CHF patients to ensure the sample taken included that of patients whose hospitalization was preventable (Will et al., 2012). Data analysis involved weighting CHF hospitalization from 1995 to 2009 for the people above 18 and summation of numbers of three consecutive years to form 7 periods whose rates w ere calculated 100,000 of the population. Standardization, development of confidence intervals, Z-tests, and other statistical tests followed the analysis. The results depict increased rates of CHF hospitalization among all ages, and blacks have higher hospitalization rates than whites (Will et al., 2012). The strengths of the article are the in-depth data analysis and use of large sample data. The study limitations are non-reporting of 17% to 21% of the CHF hospitalizations and classification of people as multiracial from 2000 onwards. Another liability is the inability to exclude CHF hospitalizations occurring from transfers from other facilities (Will et al., 2012). Heart Failure in Hispanics is a qualitative research study done in the United States where the risk  factors, etiological conditions, diagnosis and treatment, and barriers to health care are done on Hispanic Patients.  

Thinking and Managing Ethically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Thinking and Managing Ethically - Essay Example al, 2007). CSR is playing an inevitable part and becoming more and more important in practice. It has an enormous potential to deliver better results while adding to business practices and knowledge. Corporate social responsibility plays a vital role in small and medium enterprises as more than 90 percent of enterprises in Asian Productivity Organization are members of SMEs. Gross domestic product consists of 75 percent of these enterprises (Hassan et. al, 2007). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) stand for the companies whose turnover lies in certain limits. However, Malaysian SMEs are categorized as per the size, turnover and activity. In broad terms, Malaysian SMEs are defined in two major categories (Saleh et. al, 2006): The 2000 census conducted by the Department of Statistics in Malaysia shows that there were about 20,455 active firms in the manufacturing segment when talking about the total numbers of SMEs. This figure was out of about 44,185 manufacturing firms registered with the Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM). Textiles and apparel segment contributes the largest segment of about 17 per cent of the total enterprises. Where as, the food and beverages contributes about 14 per cent, metals and metals products contributes 14.3 per cent and wood and wood products contributes 13.6 per cent (Saleh et. al, 2006). The relevant stakeholders who deal with SMEs in Malaysia in any form follows and adopt these standard definitions. The list comprises of various Ministries and Agencies at Federal and State levels of Malaysian Government along with the Statutory Bodies, authorities and financial institutions. They maintain data based on annual sales turnover as well as number of full-time employees in companies

Income elasticity of demand Essay Example for Free

Income elasticity of demand Essay Luxury product sales boost in the emerging marketing like China, which has extraordinary growth and strong potential consumers for the development of luxury goods in the China market. With gradually lower and lower increase of revenue in the European countries, Louis Vuitton (abridged as LV in the following sections) commits itself to set up more stores in China. However, LV is faced with the problems of declining profits in China, which urges it to adjust its entry strategy into the China market. In this case, this report will focus on distinguishing the factors that influence LV’s development in China and laying out schemes for LV’s entry into China market by initially examining the internal and external environment for LV; analyzing the operational plan for LV’s entry into China based on the environment examination, and generating an action plan for LV’s entry strategy at the end of the report. Content 1. 0 Introduction Louis Vuitton (abridged as LV in the following sections) is planning to set up more stores in the China market. However, it is now faced with the problems of declining profits in China, which urges it to adjust its entry strategy into the China market. In this case, this report is to lay out schemes for LV’s entry into the China market by distinguishing the internal and external factors that influence LV’s development from the perspectives of country factors and internal advantages of LV with reference to the SWOT analysis model; analyzing the operational plan for LV’s entry into China based on the environment examination and including suggests on firm strategy, organization structure and management, entry strategy and modes, manufacturing management, marketing plan, and accounting as well as finance management; and generating an action plan for LV’s entry strategy at the end of the report according to the specifications of the business operational plan. 2. 0 Research Methods The research method of literature searches is adopted to generate this report. This method is chosen because there are plenty of existing studies on the development of luxury goods, which makes it possible for abundant literature searches. Also, there are a great many resources on the annual reports of Louis Vuitton available which offer insights into the financial performance of this company. Anyway, luxury goods are indeed possessed by the majority of people, which makes direct interviews or surveys less available. 3. 0 Findings: External and Internal Environment The internal and external factors that influence LV’s development will be examined in this section from the perspectives of country factors and internal advantages of LV. A SWOT analysis will be involved in this section, which aims to find out the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the company according to analysis on the internal conditions of the company and the external environment the company is faced with (Johnson Scholes, 2002, p122). 3. 1 External environment: Country factor analysis The external environment for LV’s entry into China will be discussed in terms of the politics and government policy of China, the economy and the China market, the social culture and transportation of China, and will be concluded from the perspectives of opportunities and threats for LV’s entry into China. In terms of politics and government policy, China is now actively opening up to the world and enhancing trade relationships with world brands since the reform and opening up policy. In terms of the economy and the China market, according to Yuval and Vinay and Cathy (2011), the analysts of Mckinsey quarterly, China has increasing booming urban cities including the second- and third-tier cities and the world second-largest GDP which means strong purchasing power the China consumers for luxury goods and great market potentials (para 8). They also pointed out that by 2015, Chinese consumers will account for more than 20 percent of the global luxury market. On the other hand, the large market potential has drawn a host of luxury-goods companies to enter the China market, which makes the competition fiercer and fiercer. And it is troublesome for LV that there are plenty of fake goods imitating LV’s style prevailing in China, which are actually not likely to reduce LV’s high-end consumers, but would exert negative influences on consumers’ impression and awareness of LV. In terms of social culture, for one thing, the China consumers are attracted by middle- and high-end products and somehow more attracted by French luxury goods, and they believe that the higher the price, the better the quality (Yuval, Vinay and Cathy, 2011, para7) (Exhibit 1). For another thing, the traditional virtue of thrift is rooted in the mindset of the Chinese, with which some of the rich in China indicate that they would not spend a large sum of money to get a product. (Exhibit 1) (Chinese consumers increasingly prefer internationally well-known brands. Retrieved on Jan 3rd 2013 from: http://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/Tapping_Chinas_luxury-goods_market_2779) In terms of transportation, airlines are increased like the Emirates group which launched air routines in the main cities of China, and railway transportation as well as road transportation is more and more available, making it convenient and fast for cross-national transportation. Therefore in conclusion, the opportunities for LVs entry into China can be concluded as Chinas encouraging policies on foreign brands entering into China; Chinas booming urban cities and increasing middle- and upper- class consumers with strong purchasing power; Chinese consumers purchasing preference for French high-end products; and the more and more convenient cross-national transportation in China. While the threats for LVs entry into China entail the fierce competition from the peer companies and brands; the trouble coming from increasing produced counterfeit products imitating LV in China; China consumers cautious traditional views on luxury goods purchasing. Anyway, when it comes to China consumers rational attitude towards luxury goods purchasing, it may be an opportunity for LV if it succeeds in drawing out their desires and needs for LVs products, otherwise it may turn out to be a threat for LVs expansion in China. 3. 2 Internal environment: Based on national level and firm level 3. 2. 1 Internal environment based on national level The advantages of internal environment for LV on national level lie in the its preference and prospect to greatly expand its business in China, its experiences of operating in China market for about twenty years, and its strong influence on and temptation to the China consumers, as well as customer loyalty for it. On the contrary, the disadvantages lie in its high price which will greatly influences China consumers’ will to purchase the products, and in its could-be easily imitated appearance and style which is made used of by some China manufacturers in producing fake goods. 3. 2. 2 Internal environment based on firm level 3. 2. 2. 1 The nature of LV’s products Dubois and Czellar and Laurent (2001) delineated Luxury goods as products with extraordinary quality as well as high price, rareness and uniqueness, aesthetic appeal, respectful long history, and the sense of being superior to others (p156). Yacine and Johnathan and Motohiro (2004) argued that luxury goods manual crafting and diligence should be involved into the manufacturing and designing of luxury goods (para 2). Based on these studies, the nature of LVs products can be abstracted as unique, rare, and excellent-quality, and extraordinary. 3. 2. 2. 2 Industry characteristics of luxury goods Kapferer (1996) suggested that luxury industry distinguishes the needs and demands of the wealthy people like prominent social figures, and produce unique superior products for them, which acts like a status symbol for the rich (p251). While Heine (2010) stated that the luxury industry is also fashion-oriented and high-quality guaranteed. And it is closely associated with the needs of the wealthy. Judging from these studies and the advancement of luxury products nowadays, the industrial characteristics of luxury products can be concluded as extraordinary quality with high guarantee, extremely personalized with unique designed style, strong brand recognition and customer loyalty, and highly profitable sales based on its high price. 3. 2. 2. 3 Advantages and disadvantage of internal environment for LV on firm level The advantages of LV on firm level mainly lie in its good brand image, abundant product portfolio, wide expansion in the China markets covering most of the first- and second-tier cities, and its control on the designs of products. This can be told from the following aspects. Above all, LV enjoys a good reputation of high quality and excellent services that it has occupied the first place of the 2012 Hurun Ranking of the Top ten luxury brands in the world (see Appendix 1), in which LV beats Hermes, the second in the list by nearly 43%. Also, LV offers manual crafting designed products which are special for certain customers. What’s more, it offers permanent after-sale serves to its customers (Paul, 2012, p79). In terms of geographical expansion, LV has reached many areas of China (Exhibit 2).

Biography of Billy Graham and His Accomplishments in His Career :: Billy Graham Religion Evangelism Essays

Biography of Billy Graham and His Accomplishments in His Career "This is the Hour of Decision with Billy Graham, coming to you from Minneapolis Minnesota" Billy Graham, has preached to more than 210 million people through a live audience, more than anyone else in history. Not only that, but Mr. Graham has reached millions more through live televison, video and film. This has led Billy to be on the "Ten Most Admired Men in the World" from the Gallup Poll since 1955 a total of thirty-nine times. This includes thirty-two consecutive more than any other individual in the world, placing him as the most popular American for about forty years. This essay is going to talk about Graham's personal life, and what kind of family he grew up in and im also going to talk in detail about how he became an evangelist, because I feel it is very important yet interesting. His accomplishments in the fifties are uncomparable, so I will be including a considerable amount of information concerning that topic. Finally I will be talking about his personal achievements, bo oks written, and how he has been a companion to some of the American Presidents. William Franklin Graham Jr. was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 17, 1918. Graham was raised on a dairy farm by William Franklin (deceased 1962) and Morrow Coffey Graham (deceased 1981). In 1943 he married his wife Ruth McCue Bell, and had four children Virginia 1945, Anne Morrow 1948, Ruth Bell 1950, William Franklin, Jr. 1952, and Nelson Edman 1958. At age eighty, he keeps fit by swimming, playing with is nineteen grand children, and from aerobic walking, in the mountains of North Carolina, where he currently lives. (Billy Graham Best Sellers, 1999) Billy Graham told Time Magazine in one article about his life before becoming a preacher. "I lived on a farm. The only difference was I had to get up early in the morning and go milk cows. When I came back from school that day, I had to milk those same cows. There were about twenty cows I had to milk. By hand. That was before they had those ma chines. I loved being a farmer. But God called me to this work that I'm in now. I knew it was God calling. I said, "Yes. I will follow what God wants me to do." And so I went to two or three schools to get education. Biography of Billy Graham and His Accomplishments in His Career :: Billy Graham Religion Evangelism Essays Biography of Billy Graham and His Accomplishments in His Career "This is the Hour of Decision with Billy Graham, coming to you from Minneapolis Minnesota" Billy Graham, has preached to more than 210 million people through a live audience, more than anyone else in history. Not only that, but Mr. Graham has reached millions more through live televison, video and film. This has led Billy to be on the "Ten Most Admired Men in the World" from the Gallup Poll since 1955 a total of thirty-nine times. This includes thirty-two consecutive more than any other individual in the world, placing him as the most popular American for about forty years. This essay is going to talk about Graham's personal life, and what kind of family he grew up in and im also going to talk in detail about how he became an evangelist, because I feel it is very important yet interesting. His accomplishments in the fifties are uncomparable, so I will be including a considerable amount of information concerning that topic. Finally I will be talking about his personal achievements, bo oks written, and how he has been a companion to some of the American Presidents. William Franklin Graham Jr. was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 17, 1918. Graham was raised on a dairy farm by William Franklin (deceased 1962) and Morrow Coffey Graham (deceased 1981). In 1943 he married his wife Ruth McCue Bell, and had four children Virginia 1945, Anne Morrow 1948, Ruth Bell 1950, William Franklin, Jr. 1952, and Nelson Edman 1958. At age eighty, he keeps fit by swimming, playing with is nineteen grand children, and from aerobic walking, in the mountains of North Carolina, where he currently lives. (Billy Graham Best Sellers, 1999) Billy Graham told Time Magazine in one article about his life before becoming a preacher. "I lived on a farm. The only difference was I had to get up early in the morning and go milk cows. When I came back from school that day, I had to milk those same cows. There were about twenty cows I had to milk. By hand. That was before they had those ma chines. I loved being a farmer. But God called me to this work that I'm in now. I knew it was God calling. I said, "Yes. I will follow what God wants me to do." And so I went to two or three schools to get education.

A Comparison of The Yellow Wallpaper and The Darling -- comparison com

In Charlotte Perkins Gilman's, "The Yellow Wallpaper", and Anton Chekhov's, "The Darling", we are introduced to main characters with lives surrounded by control. In Gilman's, "The Yellow Wallpaper", the main character, which remains nameless, is controlled by her husband, John. He tells her what she is and is not allowed to do, where she is to live, and that is she is not permitted to see her own child. In Chekhov's, "The Darling", the main character, Olenka, allows her own opinions and thoughts to be those of her loved ones. When John puts the narrator into the room, she writes in despite of him telling her that she should not. At the end of her first passage, the narrator tells us, "There comes John, and I must put this away - he hates to have me write a word". The narrator was told that writing and any other intellectual activity would exhaust her. The only thing that exhausts her about it is hiding it from them. The narrator tells us, "I did write for a while in spite of them; but it does exhaust me a good deal - having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition". Conrad Shumaker suggests that John believes that if someone uses too much imagination then they will not be able to figure out reality. "He fears that because of her imaginative 'temperament' she will create the fiction that she is mad and come to accept it despite the evidence - color, weight, appetite - that she is well. Imagination and art are subversive because they threaten to undermine his materialistic universe" In Gilman's "Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper", Gilman tells us that when she was sent home from the rest cure, Dr. Mitchell gave her "solemn advice to 'live as domestic a life as far as possible,' to 'have but two hours intellectual... ...lf. Her thoughts were always for someone beside herself. When Olenka was alone "she had no opinions of any sort. She saw the objects about her and understood what she saw, but could not form any opinion about them, and did not know what to talk about." Olenka had nothing to make conversation and if she would make conversation, she could not give her opinion. In conclusion, both women had a strong control factor in their life. In "The Yellow Wallpaper", the main character makes no decisions of her own. Her husband, John, controls everything she does. In "The Darling", the men surrounding her life control all of Olenka's opinions. The men do not mean for it to be this way but that is just how Olenka is. She allows herself to not be able to think on her own. These characters have similar personalities. They both allow themselves to be controlled throughout their lives.

Liberal Studies Versus Concentrated Degree Essay

Thesis Statement: Liberal Arts graduates who possess a wide array of skills have a less difficult time finding long-term employment compared to more applied streams of education. (May Change- I am still hesitant about my topic) A List: Philip Giles, Torben Drewes, and Jon Cowans Abstract: The liberal studies education provides a graduate student with numerous skills and endless employment opportunities. In our continuously changing society and job market, many are struggling with finding employment within their careers. Research currently states that learning various skills and developing a broad-based skill set is the key to having a successful and long-lasting career. For some the liberal education means a general education in terms of â€Å"the classic great books,† as opposed to specialized training for a particular career. For others, it means the subject matter, â€Å"the liberal arts† or â€Å"the humanities. † Either way, the liberal arts offers a diverse education that prepares one for life. Annotated Bibliography: Liberal Arts Degrees and the Labor Market, Philip Giles and Torben Drewes Although more fulfilling salaries for liberal arts careers are promising in the longer term, research says that those of applied majors tend to occupy more job offers and higher salaries at entry level (Short 1). â€Å"While both groups received substantial average hourly wages, wage rates for applied programs graduates were about 6% higher for both men and women† (Giles and Drews 29). Currently, there is a higher demand among employers for new graduates with majors such as engineering, health professions and computer science, however, a lower demand for new graduates with a liberal arts major. It is clear that majority of students are graduating with a technical degree such as business or engineering, however, research shows that graduates with a Humanities degree will develop stronger careers in the future. â€Å"Their longer-term career entry and advancement prospects may be equal or superior to those whose undergraduate majors are of immediate interest to employers† (Short 1). The article states that Humanities and social sciences students acquire different skills than those obtained in more vocationally trained settings (Giles and Drews 32). These Humanities skills, according to the article, earn lower wage rates in entry level positions, however, later in their careers there was higher rates of employment and wages than their applied program counterparts. The reasoning for this, according to Giles and Drew’s article, is it takes longer for liberal arts graduates to figure out what they want to do because the direction they want to go in is not as clear as those of a technical major such as business. The picture that emerges is one in which individuals graduating from programs in the humanities and social sciences had considerably more difficulty with the school-to-work transition† (Giles and Drews 33). In other words, an engineering major has a more concise and direct education that leads them to a certain career, however those who are liberal arts graduates with a broad-based Humanities education, have a more explorative time finding what career direction to follow. Of What Use These Liberal Arts, Jon Cowans A recent study says that Arts graduates were highly successful in gaining long-term employment because of their academic breadth and flexibility (Cowans 20). In Jon Cowan’s, Of What Use These Liberal Arts, a 2002 Trent University economics professor published a study called Value Added: Humanities and Social Sciences Degrees on recent university graduates in the job market. He wrote, â€Å"The development of more generic, but valuable, skills may actually give the liberal arts and science graduates a leg up on their more vocational counterparts since such skills are much less likely to be rendered obsolete by technological trade-induced shocks. The ability to switch sectors of employment has value in a rapidly changing economy† (Cowans 21). In other words, liberal arts and science graduates, according to Cowans, have an advantage in the job market because of their broad-based and adaptable skills. According to the article, it is principally for these skills that the Arts graduates are finding employment. â€Å"A better organized mind, capable of inquiring and distinguishing false from true and fact from opinion; a mind enhanced in its ability to write, read and compute† (Cowans 21). The main distinction Cowans makes is that more applied streams of education limit a graduate whereas a liberal studies major has a more diverse educational background to offer an employer. Yes a Liberal Arts Education Can Be Productive, Joseph Short President of Bradford College, Joseph Short, believes that a strong liberal arts education prepares students to strive for a fulfilling career. According to Short’s, Yes a Liberal Arts Education Can be Productive, an education in the Arts paves more pathways to executive, professional, and leadership positions in society than many vocationally specific undergraduate majors in technical fields (Short 1). Further, a degree in liberal arts develops higher-order intellectual skills such as problem solving, reasoning, and data analysis that allow the Humanities graduate to perform various skills that are affective within a number of careers. Last, these graduates are highly recommended for entry level and long term occupations in education, communications, journalism, human services, management, government and internal relations (Short 1). Liberal Arts Studies Offer an Edge in Corporate Jobs, Carol Kleiman Similarly, in Carol Kleiman’s article Liberal Arts Studies Offer an Edge in Corporate Jobs, she discusses the negative impact having a technical degree such as business has on a graduate. In the article, John R. Marshal has an engineering degree from Princeton University and an MBA from the University of Virginia but still felt a gap in his education.’ I had too narrow a technical education, and while that helps meet your employer’s immediate needs, you’re not left with any way to navigate your life’† (Kleiman, 1). Consequently, he went back to school for a degree in liberal studies and felt a more broadened view of the world (Kleiman 1. ) Overall, Kleiman’s article explains that any sort of education is worthwhile however, an in-depth educational background in liberal studies allows the strong possibility for an advancing career of upward mobility because of its broad education and endless employment possibilities. What Does a Liberal Arts Degree Get You in Today’s Job Market, Eisa Nunez According to Eisa Nunez’s What Does a Liberal Arts Degree get you in Today’s Job Market, â€Å"in today’s technological world – where knowledge doubles every 18 months and industries are created in less time – requires workers with transferable skills they need to be ready for as many as 11 different jobs in a lifetime† (Nunez 1). â€Å"The only education that prepares us for change is a liberal education. In periods of change, narrow specialization condemns us to inflexibility† (Nunez 1). It is true that 70 to 80 percent of college freshman list the following as their reasons for attending college: earning money, finding job, and preparing for a career (Nunez 1). Rather than concentrating on learning one skill and going out into the workforce, Nunez says that taking time to develop critical thinking, writing, and presentation skills in various areas is necessary to leading a long term successful career in the 21st century. This preoccupation with the short-term is based on an old labor-market model that assumes that a narrow, technical education is the key to success. However, David Kearns, executive chief officer of Xerox says, â€Å"This idea does not work in a modern economy where adaptability is the key† (Nunez 1). College of Liberal Arts Needs a Makeover On the contrary, in College of Liberal Arts Needs a Makeover, the author says that the college major, Liberal Arts is in dire need of a makeover, â€Å"a new marketing campaign to promote an updated image† (Frank 1). â€Å"It’s a shame that many people believe a liberal arts major has limited job prospects upon graduation† (Frank 1). Further, the article states that businesses would rather have new hires with specialized technical training to fill entry level positions. â€Å"People who can hit the ground running, they say, like engineers, programmers, hotel managers, nurses, lab technicians† (Frank 1). In other words, those fresh out of technical training are prepared to begin working in the career of their choice, whereas Liberal Arts graduates need more training in their job choice. Frank says that because the name Liberal means free or generous, the word free gets mistaken with easy. An engineering student has to master really difficult subjects like physics and calculus. A liberal arts student takes English and history† (Frank 1) Therefore, subconsciously, people think it can’t be that hard to study English. Interdisciplinary Approach: Advantages and Disadvantages, and the Future Benefits of Interdisciplinary Studies, Casey Jones In Casey Jones article, Interdisciplinary Approach: Advantages and Disadvantages, and the Future Benefits of Interdisciplinary Studies, discusses the current structure of the educational system. She believe that Liberal or interdisciplinary studies focus on the fringes of a field and owers an academic’s reputation in the eyes of his peers and hurts his chances for tenure†(Jones 78). In other words, the academic system is still very much structured on the concentration of specific majors because the integration of interdisciplinary or Liberal studies, does not fully prepare a student for employment in the real world. The Employable Liberal Arts Major, Rachel Donadio Similarly, Rachel Donadio’s article points out with tuition costs raising and the state of the economy, it is better to learn as many applied skills as possible. This year at Colgate and New York University, there have been professional training programs instilled which allow students to participate in non-credit courses that offer them specific job training within a field. With the competitive job market, there are a lot of specific skills that young people need as the economy and employment industry continue to diversify. â€Å"Colleges say they aren’t abandoning the liberal arts education but rather bring the ideal slightly more in line with the job market reality† (Donadio). Although this article slightly goes against my thesis statement, I believe it offers a different view on the liberal arts education. Studies Indicate that Liberal Arts Grads are Less Likely to be Recruited for Jobs In Studies Indicate that Liberal Arts Grads are Less Likely to be Recruited for Jobs, The Wall Street Journal, confirms that employment recruiting companies favor top ivy league schools over less reputable schools. In this article, seniors graduating from Mount Holyoke, a liberal arts college, â€Å"are much less likely to be recruited from top companies† (The Mount Holyoke News). Although they are less likely to be recruited, employment after college is not as affected. â€Å"The national unemployment rate for college graduates under 25 in 2010 was 8 percent, up from 6. 8 percent in April 2009 and 3. 7 percent in April 2007† (The Mount Holyoke News). Despite the great recession, according to the article, our recent graduate have done well. â€Å"Our students have the critical thinking skills, the communication skills, the ability to understand. The ability to communicate across cultures-the things employers really look for† (The Mount Holyoke News).